Automatic lateral and longitudinal balance for aeroplanes.



I P. ALLINIO. AUTOMAITO LATERAL AND LONGITUDINAL BALANCE FOR AEROPLANES.

I APPLICATION FILED NOV-.20, 1912.

Patented May 20, 1913.

2 [SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES INVENTOR 672a M 5'21/0 BY ATTORNEY v I P. ALLINIOQ AUTOMATIC LATERAL AND LONGITUDINAL BALANCE FOR AEROPLANBS.

. APPLIGMIGN FILED NOV.'2Q, 1912.

1,062,074. Patented May 20, 1913.

2 SHEETS-"SHEET 2.

' W ITIIESSES I I I ATTORNEY.

' To all whom it may concern:

. PETER ALLINIO, or RUST, oamromvm.

AUTOMATIC LATERAL AND LONGITUDINAL BALANCE FOR AEROPLANES. I

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 20, 1913.

Application filed November 20, 1912. Serial No. 732,489.

Be it known that I PETER ALLINIO, a sub- ]ect of the King of 'ltaly, residing at Rust,

' in the county of Contra Costa and State of useful Improvements in equilibrium is taken advantage of to effect an automatic control or balance.

' plane 1, hot

vision of simpl 'tion consists in the novel the construction and combinations of the parts thereof, which I shall hereinafter fully California, have invented certain new and Automatic Lateral and Longitudinal Balances for Aeroplanes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the class of aeroplanes and particularly to those in which the tendency of freely suspended parts .or pendulous swaying structures to maintain their My invention has for its objects the pro- .and efiective means for antomatically elf eting both the lateral and longitudinal balanceof aeroplanes; for obtaining. the full efficiency of the propellers; and for adapting the machine for a hydroaeroplane; to all of which ends my invenaeroplane and in describe, by reference to the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a top plan view of my aeroplane. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. '3 is a side elevation, a part being broken away. Fig. 4 is a detail showin the limiting connection between the bases of the two rigid frames.

-1.isthe main-plane which, in general, is made in the usual or approved manner with regard to dimensions, shape and structure. In the present case, for the sake of illustration, I have shown a monoplane, though it is to be understood that my invention is applicable to biplanes or other multiplanes. Ri-gidly secured to the mainplane 1 is a frame which in the present caseis composed of two pairs of bars 2, one pair being secured to the front and the other to the back of the ,plane, a top cross bar 3 extending between the upper ends of the pairs of bars 2, end and side base bars-4, at the lower ends of the bars 2, and suitable braces 5. These several members constitute a rigid frame which extends both above and below the mainplane 1, and is secured to said main-plane at its transverse middle.

Suitable ys or braces 6 extend from the above and belowto the top and the base respectively of the said rigid frame.

7 is a car. This,in the general aspect of bracesQ. The top of 'the cross bar 3' of my invention, which has-sufficient weight for the purpose of automatic control. or balance. In v the. present instance, and for the specific purpose of constituting the complete machine, a hydroaeroplane when desired, I have shown the car 7 as a pontoon or boat capable of floating in water.

Secured rigidly to and rising from-the car or boat 7 isa hanger frame 8, with suitable the frame 8 is pivotally suspended from the top of the rigi( frame of the main plane 1, the pivotal connection being made by journaling'" the tops of the members f the frame 8 upon the projecting ends of the cross bar 3 plane frame. best made with a limited vertical play or. movement, which is accomplished. by making elongated pivotal slots 10 in the top of the frame 8, thereby providing for the vertical and by headed pins or studsll in the base end bars 4: of the main-plane frame which freely engage and play in T-grooves- 12 in the base of therframe 8, thus providing for thelimitation' of this vertical play, and also providing for limiting the relative swingin movement, and also connecting and holding the two frames together. The efiectof this connection is that when the machine is at rest, the main-plane frame finds support at its base directly. upon the car; but when it rises, the car drops to the. limit of its pivotal connection. thereby free ing the main-plane frame to enable the parts to have their relative movement for balancing purposes, as will be presently described.

13 are the ailerons. any suitable form and relativedisposition. I have here shown them as relatively small triangular planes hinged to the rear edge of the main-plane 1, one at each side of the machine, symmetrically disposed. To operate these ailerons\13 in order to effect the automatic lateral balance, the following connections are made.

14 is a line, which at one end is made fast. to one side of. the car 7. It thence passes below the main-plane to. a pulley 15 carried in said plane near one extremity thereof, and up and over said pulley and centrally again above the plane to a drum 16 which is car-. ried by and is revoluble on a bracket .16 on the main-plane frame. This drum 16,11;- must be particularly, noted,

maybe any suitable structure of the main- -Tll1S pivotal connection is diameter. Around the larger'iace of this is one which, as shown, has two grooves or. faces, one of larger and the other of smaller drum 15 the line 14 takes a grippingor' operating turn and thence extends above the mainphme to a pulley 17 near the opposite end of the main-plane. The line l4.- passes downon said pulley and thence extends be- .low the main-plane and is madefast to the car 7' on the connection. I

It will now be seen that the relative lateral movement of the pendulous car an'dfthe side oppdsite to that of its first main-plane on tdat-heir pivotalconnection,

made fast a'line 19 which thence extends to v a suitable uide 20 on the main-plane 1, and thence to ilie drum 16. The "line l9 ta'k'es a gripping turn around the smaller groove or face of saiddrumand thence continues to a suitable guide 21 near the other end of the main-plane, and thence to the top of. the-arm: 18 of the other aileron and is made fast to said arm. A-seeond line 22 is secured to the -lower extremity of one of the arms 18. .This

line extends to a suitable guide 23 under the main-plane and thence below-said plane to'a suitable guide 2% under the opposite end of said plane and thence tothe'lower end ofthe arm 18 on the other aileron and'to this. arm it is'made .fast; It will now be seen that as the drum 16 is oscillated, under the" conditions heretofore mentioned it will through the lines 19 and. 22 caus. .the simultaneous opposite movements of the ailerons, and these movements on account of the difference in diameter of the faces of the drum will-he less in degree 111 proportioh to the. swing of the pcndulous car this difference being necessary. when the relatively large swing of the can and therelatively small, movement oi. the ailerons required for the exercise of their function are taken'into consideration;

Now in View of what maybe termed the' pendulum connection of the can with the m ain planmthe propelling mechanism should be carried by the mainiens stlru'cture. This results in an advantage .in' enabling- -me to mount the propellers proper in a position I to yield the highestethciency. namely, directly upon the edge of 1 the rmain plane. This will be presentlybetter'understood.

by the rigid frame of the maimplane and lies in front but clear 'of the fra meB of the car 7.

26 are the propellers. There are .two of these, one oneach side. Each is mounted by its hub structure 27 directly upon the front edge-of'the main-plane. .28 represents the housing tubes ofrthejdrive connections from the motor, and 29 are braces. a

It will now be seen that the propelling mechanism is carried by the-plane structure. By remoying the propellers proper from the immediate vicina'ge of-the motor, avoid that interference with their function which would be caused by the: obstructing hull; of the motor; and; by disposing them on the frb'ntedge of the plane, "which edge is rclatively thin and therefore unobstructive, I gain the-full action of the blades by expos- 'ing them for practically their full length to. the air; and, finally, by thus mounting them; I equalize their ellect'on'the plane, they act on it equally above and below.

Thusfar I have. described the lateral halance. I shall now describe the longitudinal -balance. I l i I 30 aggb'arswhich constitute the supportstabilizer 31. These bars are secured at their forward ends to the car-franle 8 and are heldfby suitable standards 32 rising from the carr'.

plane, so that is capable of theusual up and down movement. V The-elevatorzplane is provided with an 'arm 34 which eXtendsabove and below it, which arm is bracedlgy the guys 35. Within a well-36 in the declt of the car 7 is the .ayiators seat 37. This seat is carried by-a .s wingsframe 38 depending from aroek shaft 39 mounted in the tail-plane frame-barsBO. The seat thus swings fore and aft, and the weight of the aviator -'when occupying it is' matic operation of the elevatot-plane '33 to realizethe longitudinal. balanceJ- con nections are as follows 411 isa'n arm rising from the rock-shaft 39; A. line 4.]; is made fastto the top .of-thegarmeflaridthence ex: tends toa' suitable guide laments-11 131.111? 31. 'Itpassjes down on this guide through the tailplane and is made fast to the lower. extremity of the alarm- 460f the elevator-plane 33. Another line 43 'isi-nade' fasttd the up- ,extremity of the arm 34 and "thence. passes forward to the guide 42 and"do. wn'. {through the t ail-plane 31, and continues-to i-lie' avia-tors seat 373cc which 'itLis-niade fest;

plane will be automatically raisfedoi'floweredl 2551s the motor. This is carried. directly t-ain the longitudinal balance.

i'ng frame-for the horizontal tail-plzineori is the elevator-plane of the tail-plane. It ishinged to the rear edge of the tailits utilized with'a pendulum efiectf'or the autoto'perform its usualfunctions antbto'inain l he noaaore 1 Side rails 44 are placed beside-the well 36,

his hands, move himi self and his seat forward or back positively afloat. The rudder to affect the elevator-plane to any, extent desired, whenever occasion requires.

4'5 is the rudder. In the present case, in which the car 7 is a pontoon or boat, the feature of this rudder is that it is shaped and disposed to serve in itself as a: single instrumentality for steering the machine both in the air and in the water. It will be seen that said rudder has an upper portion extensive enough and so located as to serve as-the steeringmeans of the aeroplane in flight, and a lower portion or extension, des ignated by 46, which projects down into the water and serves to steer the machine when is mounted by means of the pivotal rudder post 47, and is operated by lines 48 secured to a cross arm 49, and thence extending forwardly to a suitable foot bar, not shown, which is carried by the aviato'rs seat and-adapted to be operated in usual manner by the feet of the occupant.

I claim 1 In an aeroplane, the combination of a main-plane; ailerons carried by said plane,

symmetrically disposed on each side of its transverse middle; a pendulous swaying car hung from the: transverse middle of the main-plane; a drum having faces of different diameters; a line connected at its extremities with opposite sides of the car and thence extending in opposite directions to and guided through the outer end portions of the main-plane and thence to and engaging the larger face of the drum with a grip ping turn whereby said drum is turned by theswaying of the car; arms on the ailerons extending above and below them; a line connecting thelower ends of the arms of the opposite ailerons; and a line connected at its extremities with the upper ends of the ailc ron-arms and engaging at its middle the smaller face of the drum, whereby said ailerons are operated from said drum.

2. In an aeroplane, the combination of a main-plane; ailerons carried by said plane; a frame rigidly secured to the main-plane at its transverse middle, said frame rising above and extending below the plane; a car; aframe rigidly secured to and rising from said cari a pivotal connection. between the tops of-the two frames whereby the car and plane may have lateral relative movement: a drum mounted in the plane of said pivotal connection, said drumhaving faces of different diameters; a line connected with the car and engaging the larger face of the drum to turn said drum by the swaying of the car; and a line engaging the smaller face of the drum. and connected with the ailerons to. operate them from said. drum.

3. In an aeroplane, the combination of a \plane; a car; egising from said car; a pivotal connection main-plane; ailerons carried by said plane, symmetrically disposed on each side of its transverse middle; a frame rigidly'secured to the main-plane at its transverse middle; said frame rising above and extending below the plane; a car; a frame rigidly secured to and rising from said car; a pivotal connection between the tops of the two frames whereby the car and plane may have lateral relative movement; a drum mounted in the plane of said pivotal connection, said drum having faces of different diameters; a line connected sides of the car and thence extending in opposite directions to and guided through the outer end portions of the main-plane and thence to and engaging the larger face of drum is turned by the swaying of the car; arms on the ailerons extending above and below them; a line connecting the lower ends of the arms of the opposite ailerons; and a line connected at its extremities with the upper ends of the aileron-arm'sand engaging at its middle the smaller face of the drum, whereby said ailerons are operated from said drum,

4:. In an aeroplane, the combination of a main-plane; a frame rigidly secured to the niain-plane at its transverse middle, said frame rising above and extending below the a frame rigidly secured to and between the tops of the two frames whereby the car and plane may have lateral relative movement, said connection having a vertical play; a laterally moving connection between the two frames attheir bases, said connection having a vertical-play equivalent to the vertical play of the pivotal connection above; ailerons carried by the main-plane; a drum mounted in the plane of the pivotal connection between the two frames; a line connected with the car and engaging said drum to turn it by the movementof the car; and a second line engaging said drum and connected with tho ailerons to operate them from said drum. I

5. In an aeroplane, the combination of a main-plane; ailerons carried by said plane; a frame rigidly secured to and extending above and below the main-plane; a car; a frame rigidly secured to and rising from tops of the two frames; connections between the two frames for vlimiting the relative movement of the main-plane and car;,connections from the car to the ailerons to operate the latter by the movement of the car; a motor carried by the frame of the-mainpla-ne; propellers carried by the main-plane pendicular plane in which the motor is located; and driving connections from the moltor to the propellers.

at its extremities with opposite the drum with'a gripping turn whereby said said car: a pivotal connection between the and located at points to one side of the per- 1 6. In an aeroplane, the combination of a main-plane; ailerons carried by said, plane; a frame rigidly soured to and extending above and below the main-plane; a car; a. frame rigidly secured to and rising from said car; a pivotal connection between the tops of the two frames; connections between the two frames for limit ng the relative movement of the main-plane and car; 0011 their hubs directly on the sage of said inain-;

plane; and driving connections from the moto-r to the propellers 7. In an aeroplane, the combination of a main-plane; a ear; a tail plane carried by the car; an elevator plane carried by the tail plane; an aviators seat; a swing structure on the car carrying the seat, and permitting it to vibrate fore and aft, said swing struc-- ture having an arm rising above its pivotal center; and connections from said seat swing structure to operate the elevator plane, consisting of a pair of lines connected to opposite sides of said elevator plane and thence passing oppositely through the tailplane and connected with the swing structure and its uprising arm respectively.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of 35 two subscribing Witnesses.

PETER ALLINIO.

Witnesses *WM. F. Boom, D, B. RICHARDS. 

